ABSTRACT
Hemoglobin is the protein molecule present in red blood cells that carries O from the lungs to the body tissues and returns CO from the 2 2 tissues back to the lungs. The red blood cells have the ability to concentrate hemoglobin in the cell fluid up to about 34 grams in each 100 ml of cells. Anemia refers to a reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood either due to reduced red blood cell count or decreased hemoglobin concentration. Anemia in women apart from many other causes is possibly due to the result of systemic inflammation which is probably because of the smoke of biomass fuels. To study correlation between hemoglobin levels and use of biomass fuel (wood) for cooking by females in rural areas of Lucknow district. The examination was done on the 44 females between 18 to 55 years of age and cooking food using biomass fuels for at least 5 years. Women who were pregnant, having history of bleeding disorders like hemophilia and Thalassaemia, history of tobacco intake, history of medications like steroids and history of hemorrhoids were excluded from the study. Examination of the blood sample for hemoglobin estimation was collected in the rural health training center (RHTC) of Era's Lucknow medical college and Hospital and hemoglobin estimation was done in the hospital lab services (HLS) Era's Lucknow medical college and hospital, which use fully analyzing method SYSMEX XS 8001for hemoglobin estimation . The correlation between biomass fuel (wood) smoke and hemoglobin levels was strongly positive and statistically highly significant (p= 0.004). The decrease in hemoglobin levels due to exposure to indoor air pollution resulting from the burning of biomass fuels in smoky fires for cooking have important implications for diagnosis of anemia.
ABSTRACT
Muscles are the only tissues in the body that have the ability to contract and hence move the other parts of the body. The strength of any given muscle, in terms of force exerted on the skeleton depends upon length, shortening speed, cross-sectional area, sarcomere length, myosin isoforms and neural activation of motor units. Fatigue is a reversible physiological state in which there is an objective reduction in the performance or it's absence resulting from continuous or prolonged activity. The degree, duration and type of work are the important factors that affect the performance and onset of fatigue. To correlate body mass index (BMI) and muscle fatigability in young healthy adults. This cross sectional study included 100 apparently healthy young adults, both males and females between 18-24 years of age and without a history of alcohol or tobacco consumption, history of any cardiovascular disorders or diabetes mellitus and any drug history like corticosteroids, beta blockers. and underwent fatigue test using Mosso'sErgograph and the work done (Kgm) was calculated and correlated with body mass index. The results showed a strong positive correlation between Body Mass Index and work done(r=1) which was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, The results showed a very strong positive correlation(r=1) between different categories of Body Mass Index and the amount of work done by the exercising muscle, but the results were statistically non significant (p<0.05) in all the sub categories of body mass index. A strong positive correlation between Body Mass Index and amount of work done by the exercising muscle suggests that the level of fatigueness in an individual is related to his/her nutritional status and physical fitness.